Turmeric | Haldi | Curcuma longa | use of turmeric | Difference spices of turmeric | Varities of turmeric | curing in turmeric

TURMERIC (HALDI)

Turmeric

[ Image credit by:- Open food fact]

■ Scientific name -Curcuma longa

■ Family - Zingiberaceae

■ It is a herbaceous perennial.

■ It has an underground stem or rhizome.

■ Origin: India or China or tropical Southeast Asia.

■ India is the largest turmeric producer and exporter in the world.

■ The rhizome contains 1.8 to 5.4% of a pigment called CURCUMINA.

■ It is an important CONDIMENTS.

■ It is a perennial herbaceous plant with thick underground rhizomes that give rise to primary and secondary rhizomes called FINGERS

■ DIFFERENCES SPICES OF TURMERIC

Turmeric inflorescence

[ Image credit by:- Wikimedia common]

1. Curcuma longa - cultivated type

2. Aromatic turmeric - Cochin turmeric or kasturi manjal.

3. Curcuma angustifolia: East Indian arrowroot which has a lot of starch in its rhizomes.

4. Turmeric beloved - Mango Gjnger, which tastes and tastes like RAW MANGO.

CLIMATE AND SOIL

■ Turmeric prefers a warm, humid climate.

■ Requires a temperature range of 25 to 30 degrees Celsius with rainfall of 2500 to 4000 mm for successful production.

■ It is primarily a rain-fed crop.

Soil :-

■ Varies from light to heavy loam

■ However, a brittle, well-drained sandy soil rich in organic matter is preferable.

IMPORTANT NOTES: - ALKALINE SOILS ARE NOT SUITABLE FOR CULTIVATION.

VARITIES

Turmeric flower

1. CO1 - X-ray induced mutant

Curcumin (3.2%)

2. BSR.1 - Curcumin (3.2%)

3. Saguna - pigment (4.9%)

4. Suvarna - pigment (4.0%)

5. Sudharshana - pigment (7.9%)

6. Krishna - pigment (2.8%)

OTHER

Sugumdhan - 31%

Rome: 9.3%

Suroma - 9.3%

Rajendra sonia - 8.4%

■ Sowing time: -

Kerala or West Coast Area: April to May

Andra Pradesh and Tamilnadu: May to June or July to August

■ It is a shade-loving plant. Castor or sesbania can be grown along the border lines in the field.

■ The healthy, disease-free rhizome from the fresh crop, harvested from November to December, should be selected for seed and stored in underground pits.

In early April, when the seed begins to germinate, it must be pulled out of the planting holes.

■ Sowing delayed until June resulted in poor yield.

Rhizome weight: 50 to 100 g

Space - 22 x22 cm

Hours: from 10 April to 10 May

■ The optimal distance between the rows and the crests is about 45-60 cm between the rows and 25 cm between the plants.

■ Seed rate: 2500 kg / ha

FERTILIZERS AND MAURES

N - 125KG

P2O5 - 60KG (BASAL)

Turmeric leaf

[ Image credit by:- Flickr]

K2O - 60KG (BASAL)

IRRIGATION

■ Depending on the available humidity

■ Weeding : the weeding of the fruits can be carried out in June, followed by subsequent hoeing and earthing from July to September at intervals of fifteen days.

■ To control annual grasses and broadleaf weeds, turmeric can be controlled by pre-emergence application of flucloraline (1.0 and 1.5 kh / ha), oxadiazone (1.0 and 1.5 kg / ha ), oxyflurophene (0.2 kg / ha) and pendimataline (1.0 and 1.5 kg / ha).

■ INERCROPPING

Turmeric is a shade-loving plant. They are successfully intercropped with tree and banana crops in warmer regions.

HARVEST AND YIELD

The crop is ready for harvest when the leaves turn yellow and begin to dry out.

■ Harvest: from November to mid-December.

■ The crop is ready for harvest in approximately 8-9 months after planting in the northeastern region.

CURING

It consists of boiling fresh rhizomes in water and drying them in the sun to harden the skin to mechanical injury.

■ The fingers are separated from the mother rhizomes and are generally stored as semen.

Rhizomes

Boil in copper / galvanized iron / clay pot

45 to 60 minutes when the rhizomes are soft.

Overcooking spoils the color of the final product.

During cooking, the dried product becomes brittle.

■ Cooked fingers are dried in the sun by spreading 5 to 7 cm thick layers on a kr bamboo mat drying floor.

■ A thinner layer is not desirable, as the color of the dried product can be adversely affected.

■ During the night, the material should be stacked or covered.

■ It can take 10-15 days for the rhizomes to dry completely.

Yield:-

Dry yield

20 to 30%

SEED STORAGE

Freshly harvested rhizomes that are well developed and free from mechanical injury and disease are selected for seeds and stored until the end of April.

Germination: early April

Turmeric: diseases

Rot of the rhizome

leaf spot

dry rot

Bacterial wilt

Turmeric Pest

Sprout drill: Conogethes punctiferalis (Guenée) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae)

Rhizome scale: Aspidiella hartii (Cockerell) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae)

Nematodes

Root-knot nematode: Meloidogyne sp

Burrowing nematode: Radopholus similis