Fenugreek ( METHI)
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| Fenugreek |
[Image credit by:- Wikimedia common]
■ Fenugreek commonly known as methi.
■ Origin South-Eastern Europe and Western India is one of the main producers and exporters of fenugreek.
■ The driver's seat of fenugreek is used as a spice, while the leaf is used as a vegetable and forage.
■ Fenugreek is a clover-like herb native to the Mediterranean region, southern Europe and western Asia. Its seeds, which smell and taste like maple syrup, have been used in cooking and as medicine. Fenugreek is used as an ingredient in spice blends and as a flavoring agent in foods, beverages, and tobacco. Fenugreek extracts are also used in soaps and cosmetics.
■ Indian women use semen for its power to induce lactation during the postnatal period.
■ Fenugreek contains diosgenin, a steroid substance used as a starting material in the synthesis of sex hormones as an oral contraceptive.
Fenugreek botany
■ Annual grass 30 to 60 cm tall.
■ The seed has a pleasant bitter taste and a particular taste.
■ Fenugreek leaves and seeds are aromatic and have a complex flavor described as nutty, sweet and slightly bitter. The fenugreek plant contains a variety of powerful compounds that are believed to be responsible for many of the plant's therapeutic properties.
■ It is grown worldwide as a semi-arid crop. Its seeds and leaves are common ingredients in dishes from the Indian subcontinent.
Type of fenugreek
□ Common methi
Scientific name - Trigonella foenum gracusm
□ Kasuri methi
Scientific name- T. corniculata
■ Family - leguminous
Climate and soil of fenugreek
■ it is the winter season.
■ Fairly frost resistant.
■ Grown as an irrigation crop.
■ During the winter, for seed production, it can also be grown as a rain crop during the summer or in heels for leafy vegetables.
Soil
■ loam to sandy loam
■ Light soil is best suited.
■ pH from 6.0 to 7.0.
Variety
■ First grouping of Pusa
■ Kasuri
■ Prabha
■ Rajendra Kanti
Fenugreek plantation
■ Seed sowing
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| FENUGREEK LEAF |
[Image credit by:- Wikimedia common]
⊙ from the 3rd week of October to the 2nd week of November for seed production.
⊙ while for leafy vegetables, the common methi is sown from mid-September to mid-March.
Important points
■ The first half of November is the best time to plant fenugreek.
■ The 12 "to 12" space is ideal for growing seeds.
■ The quantity of seed is 15-20 kg per hectare.
■ for leafy vegetables from 30 to 35 kg per hectare. Compost and fertilizer
■ 10 to 15 tons of FYM.
■ 30 kg ratio 50 kg ratio 40 kg NPK.
■ weeds
Broad-leaved
1. Lamb quarters: Chenopodium album L. (Chenopodiaceae)
2. Scarlet Pimpernel: Anagallis arvensis L. (Primulaceae)
3. Sweet clover: Melilotus indica (L.) All. (Fabaceae) 3, Fine-leaved fumitory: Fumaria parviflora Lam. (Fumariaceae)
4. Corn spur: Spergula arvensis L. (Caryophylliaceae)
5. Carrot Parthenium hysterophorus L. (Asteraceae)
6. Chives: Asphodelus tenuifolius Cav. (Liliaceae)
7. Binding the grass: Convolvulus arvensis
GERMINATION
■ 5 to 8 days.
YIELD
■ From 1200 kg to 1500 kg of seeds.
■ 800 to 1,000 sheets.
■ GA3 (10 to 100 ppm) Much improved internodal length height, number of leaves, etc.
■ Over-ripening will stabilize the seats, while early harvesting will cause shrinkage of the seed.
■ At the time of maturity to accept, the upper lips turn yellow and sag.
■ Fenugreek Diseases
1. Leaf spot of Cercospora: Cercospora traversiana Sacc.
2. Charcoal rot: Macrophomina phaseolina
3. Powdery mildew: Erysiphe polygoni DC, Leveillula taurica
4. Downy mildew: Downy mildew trigonellae Gaum
5. Rust: Uromyces trigonellae
6. Root rot / collar rot / foot rot: Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn, Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc.
7. Damping off: Pythium aphanidermatum
8. Fusarium wilt: Fusarium oxysporum
9. Yellow mosaic disease: bean yellow mosaic virus
■ Pests and insects of fenugreek :
1. Stem fly: Ophiomyia spp., (Diptera: Agromyzidae)
2. Cowpea aphid: Aphis craccivora Koch (Hemiptera: Aphididae)
3. Serpentine leaf miner: Liriomyza trifolii Burgess (Diptera: Agromyzidae)
4. Thrips: Scirtothrips dorsalis Hood (Thysanoptera: Thripidae)
5. Lucerne weevil: Hypera postica Gyllenhal (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
6. Spotted pod borer: Maruca testulalis Geyer (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) 7. Mite: Tetranychus cucurbitae Rahman and Sapra (Arachnida: Tetranychidae)
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